Capacitors and inductors are the most mysterious components used in electronics. Their strange respnse with AC causes sometimes unpredictable results when playing with a circuit. It is interesting for some developers but a head ache for others. Everybody knows how to analyze in a circuit containing both capacitors and inductors. Just make mathematical equations from the circuit and can be solved to find all current components and voltage drop. A convenient way is using simulation programs like SPICE.
But I am looking to them through my own eye. I want say one thing- I don't know mathematics. I meant that I don't know what are the meanings of mathematical equations. If you know the real physical meaning of mathematics, please contact me immediately. I want help from you. I have a particular concept on the working of all electronic components I know. But the responses of capacitors and inductors in a circuit connected to AC supply are something strange. But I didn't convert the raw mathematical idea to my brain language. I referred many books, thought for a long time in day and night. After my tedious work, I gave satisfaction to my mind. Everybody have their own brain language. All are trying to give satisfaction for their brain. But sometimes it cannot find the real meaning of something, then it will suppress it self as false or all matters around it are false. I really worked hard to emphasize on their working principle conveniently to most brain language patterns. Okay, I am little verbose when saying about something unknown to both me and you. Let’s look at their working.
Capacitor
Capacitor is a component which is used to store energy as in the form of electricity. Do you know how capacitors store charge? If not look at the picture and continue reading.
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God created all as a pair. Both are loved to each other. One can never exist without the existence of the other. A man cannot exist without the existence of a woman and vice versa. They love to be always together. A force is required to separate them. If they are separated by a force, then they try to be making together. This is the principle which can be applied not only in the case of electrons but also everywhere in your life. In the case of capacitor -ve charges and +ve charges are separated by a small distance. Each of them know the presence of the pair. But they can’t come nearer. Then –ve charges are clouded at the –ve plate and +ve charge is clouded at the +ve plate if a battery is connected properly.
Consider an example of two rooms separated by a glass wall. One room contains some girls only and the other rooms contains some boys only. They can see each other through the glass separator hall. The photograph from the secret camera placed in the top of the rooms is given below.
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There is a higher probability of finding boys and girls at the junction. Here there is a ‘special’ type separator which can trough which boys can recognize the presence of the opposite sex. It may be vision, voice, touch, smell, taste anything but all are not present at a time. Then what is the advantage? You can find them always there to use them for your future applications. Otherwise, you cannot find them because they will go to their own way. Similarly we apply an extremely cruel method to store charge in the capacitor.
From the above discussion you are sure that a boy(+ve charge) cannot enter into girls(-ve charge) room and vice versa. But if we connect a battery to the capacitor a flow of charge will occur!!!. What the hell.
Yes. It’s true. A charge cannot jump from one plate to other. Then how?. But please believe me- if you feel a current is flowing, yes, surely it’s a feeling only. Your ammeter shows a current reading for a short time if you applied a DC to the capacitor, a current flow feeling will occur for a short time.
Explanation
Consider a big room containing many boys and girls. This is our battery. This battery is connected to the above described system. The battery have two exit doors. One for boys only (+ve) and other for girls only (-ve). Then boys room is filled with boys and girls room is filled with girls. The filling rate is as shown in the graph.
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Thus filling decreases with time. As time increases the crowd increases and the boys and girls in the back of the crowd cannot see the presence of the opposite sex in the near room. Thus they have not much interest to come to the room. Thus the filling rate decreases.
The similar process is in the case of electrons and protons. As charge density in the plate increases, the ability of a proton to attract electrons decreases and the current decreases. Thus the current decreases time to time. The current decreases exponentially and in the same way, the voltage drop across the capacitor decreases (in function of the power of e).
If an AC supply is applied across the capacitor, the explanation becomes more complex. It is sure that anyone can never pass through the separation of the capacitor; however their presence can be passed. But in the case of a capacitor, a continuous current will flow, more correctly, a feeling of current flow through the separation will occur. This something more interesting chapter in the study of capacitor. Nothing is mysterious in this case. As I said before, capacitor is a storage element. For the first half cycle, the charge is accumulated on different plates of the capacitor. In the next half cycle it is discharged. This process is continuously being taken place. Thus a current flow feeling will occur.
Let’s come back to the example of boys and girls. Assume an alternating supply (AC)of boys and girls. Here also, there is two exit doors. These doors have a peculiar property that boys can exit through door1 and girls can exit through door2 for a particular interval of time. Then in the next interval of time, the rule is reversed. Girls are through the door1 and boys the door2. The process repeated until the supply is disconnected. When these doors are connected together, a constant flow of current (of boys and girls) will take place. But if we connected it through a capacitor, a similar response will occur, however the current through the capacitor separation is not possible. Here also, the above mentioned ‘feeling of current flow’ comes into play.
Consider the rate of change of motion of girls and boys are varying sinusoidally.
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From the figure, it is clear that first of all boys come from the +ve terminal very fast. As time goes on, the rate decreases and reaches zero. That means it will reach a maximum level. Then the rate increases in the opposite direction.
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